Content

• To step
• Method 1 of 4: APA
• Method 2 of 4: Chicago
• Method 3 of 4: MLA
• Method 4 of 4: AMA

When writing a report for a research project, you may need to quote a research report that you used as a reference. The basic information in your quote is the same for all styles. However, the format in which that information is presented is slightly different depending on whether you are using the American Psychological Association (APA), Modern Language Association (MLA), Chicago, or American Medical Association (AMA) style.

To step

Method 1 of 4: APA

1. Start with the author's last name and the first initial. In APA style, the author's name is reversed, meaning you list the last name first. Place a comma after the last name and then the first initial. Separate the names of multiple authors with commas, use an ampersand (&) before the last name.
   • For example: "Kringle, K., & Frost, J."
2. Specify the year in which the report was published. If the article is published in a scientific journal, state the year in parentheses after the authors' names. If the article was not published, use the year it was written.
   • For example, "Kringle, K., & Frost, J. (2012)."
   • If the date or other information is not available, use the guide at http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2012/05/missing-pieces.html.
3. Indicate the title of the research report. Use a capital sentence to write down the full title of the research report, capitalizing the first word and any proper names. If it has a subtitle, put a colon and write the first word of the subtitle in capital letters.
   • For example, "Kringle, K., & Frost, J. (2012). Red Noses, Warm Hearts: The Glowing Phenomenon Among Arctic Reindeer."
   • If you found the research report in a database maintained by a university, company, or research report organization, include an index number assigned to the report in parentheses after the title. For example, "Kringle, K., & Frost, J. (2012). Red Noses, Warm Hearts: The Glowing Phenomenon Among Arctic Reindeer. (Report No. 1234)."
4. Include information about where you found the paper. If the paper was published in an academic journal or journal, use the same format you would use for any other article. For unpublished articles, provide as much information as possible to direct your readers to the research report.
   • For example, "Kringle, K., & Frost, J. (2012). Red Noses, Warm Hearts: The Glowing Phenomenon Among Arctic Reindeer. (Report No. 1234). Obtained from Alaska University Library Archives, December 24, 2017 . "
5. Use a parenthetical quote in the body of your article. When writing a statement taken from the research report, include the authors' last names along with the year the document was published or written.
   • For For example: "(Kringle & Frost, 2012)."
   • Use the abbreviation n.d. if there was no date on the record: "(Kringle & Frost, n.d.)."

Method 2 of 4: Chicago

1. Start with the names of the authors. Reverse the name of the first author so that the last name appears first. The names of the following authors should be written in normal order. Write out first names. Use a middle initial if it is on the research report.
   • For example, "Kringle, Kris, and Jack Frost."
2. Indicate the title of the research report. The article title is capitalized, which means that most adjectives, nouns, and verbs are capitalized, but articles and conjunctions are not. Titles are enclosed in quotation marks. Indicate the type of report after the title.
   • For example, "Kringle, Kris, and Jack Frost." Red Noses, Warm Hearts: The Glowing Phenomenon Among Arctic Reindeer. "Master thesis."
3. Specify the place and year of publication. If the article was not published, the date you use is the year the article was written. Once the article is published, follow the general rules for citing a Chicago-style article.
   • For example, "Kringle, Kris, and Jack Frost." Red Noses, Warm Hearts: The Glowing Phenomenon Among Arctic Reindeer. "Master Thesis, Alaska University, 2012."
4. Add any additional information necessary to find the report. If you found the report online, you should add a direct URL so your readers can go straight to the paper as you found it. Assigning a database number to the report can also help readers find the paper more easily.
   • For example, “Kringle, Kris, and Jack Frost.” Red Noses, Warm Hearts: The Glowing Phenomenon Among Arctic Reindeer. ”Master's thesis, Alaska University, 2012. Retrieved from http://www.northpolemedical.com/raising_rudolf. "
5. Follow your teacher's instructions regarding in-text citations. Chicago and Turabian (a simplified version of Chicago style) research reports can use footnotes or parenthetical citations to cite references in the body of your article.
   • Footnotes are essentially the same as the full quote, although the authors' first and last names are not reversed.
   • For quotes in parentheses, Chicago uses the Author-Date format. For example: "(Kringle and Frost 2012)."

Method 3 of 4: MLA

1. Start with the authors of the paper. Reverse the authors' names so that you show their last name first, followed by their first name. Write out the first names. Separate multiple authors with commas.
   • For example, "Kringle, Kris, and Frost, Jack."
2. Enter the title of the research report. In MLA, put the title and subtitles in quotation marks. Use most words as capital letters, but not short articles or conjunctions unless they are the first word of the title or subtitle.
   • For example, "Kringle, Kris, and Frost, Jack." Red Noses, Warm Hearts: The Glowing Phenomenon Among Arctic Reindeer. ""
3. Identify the location of the report. MLA works according to the concept of collections. Your report is part of a greater whole, which may be part of an even greater whole. In your quote, list the smallest collection first, followed by the larger, all the way to the largest.
   • For example, suppose you found the report in a collection of reports housed in university archives. Your quote could be, “Kringle, Kris, and Frost, Jack.” Red Noses, Warm Hearts: The Glowing Phenomenon Among Arctic Reindeer. ”Master Theses 2000-2010. University of Alaska Library Archives. Accessed December 24, 2017 . "
4. Use references in parentheses in the body of your work. After you mention something in your report that requires you to cite the research report, put the names of the authors in parentheses along with the page number where the information appears.
   • For example, "(Kringle & Frost, p. 33)."

Method 4 of 4: AMA

1. Start with the author's last name and the first initial. An AMA citation begins with the names of the authors or editors of the article. Do not use punctuation marks other than a comma between names. If there are more than 6 authors, list the first 3 followed by the abbreviation "et al."
   • For example: "Kringle K, Frost J."
2. Write the title as a sentence. In the case of a sentence, capitalize only the first word and any proper nouns in the title of the article. If there is a subtitle, add it after a colon with a capital letter at the beginning of the subtitle.
   • For example: "Kringle K, Frost J. Red noses, warm hearts: The glowing phenomenon among Arctic reindeer."
3. Add journal information if the paper is published. A research report published in a scientific journal should be treated like any other journal article. Include the abbreviated title of the magazine in italics, followed by the year of publication, issue number, and pages where the report appears.
   • For example: "Kringle K, Frost J. Red noses, warm hearts: The glowing phenomenon among Arctic reindeer. Nat Med. 2012; 18(9): 1429-1433.’
4. Provide location information if the report is not published. If the report was presented at a conference or symposium, include information about the conference where it was presented. If you found it online, provide a direct link and the date you accessed it.
   • For example, if you were citing a report presented at a conference, you would write, "Kringle K, Frost J. Red noses, warm hearts: The glowing phenomenon among Arctic reindeer. Oral presentation at the Arctic Health Annual Summit. Association; December, 2017; Nome, Alaska. "
   • To quote a report you read online, you would write, "Kringle K, Frost J. Red Noses, Warm Hearts: The Glowing Phenomenon Among Arctic Reindeer. Http://www.northpolemedical.com/raising_rudolf"
5. Use superscript numbers in the body of your paper. For in-text citations, include a superscript number after the information you need a citation for. You build your bibliography as you write your article, with your citations in the order they appear in your text.
   • For example, "According to Kringle and Frost, these red noses indicate a subspecies of reindeer native to Alaska and Canada that migrated to the Arctic and mixed with Arctic reindeer."