Content

• Steps
• Advice
• Warning
• What you need

Influenza is a serious, potentially fatal, and highly contagious disease. This is an infection of a virus that attacks the human respiratory system. The flu can go away on its own, but some people - such as children under 2 years old and adults over 65 - are often at risk of complications. However, by getting a flu shot every year and taking care of your health to prevent the flu, you will be able to avoid the illness or serious complications.

Steps

Part 1 of 3: Preparation of the vaccination

1. 

   Avoid prefilled syringes. The term "prefilled syringe" here does not refer to flu vaccines that are specially made for each individual dose, but rather than syringes that are pre-loaded with vaccine from a single or multi-dose vial. before the patient arrives at the medical facility. If you are the operator of a medical facility, you should avoid using pre-loaded vaccines. This will help avoid vaccination errors.
   • The US Centers for Disease Control recommends that the person giving the patient vaccination is the one who draws the vaccine from the vial.

2. 

   
   
   Take measures to ensure patient safety. Before you get vaccinated, you need to take safety measures, including making sure the patient hasn't had a flu shot for years. This helps make sure the patient has not had an overdose of the vaccine or has a history of reaction to the vaccine. If the patient is unsure, you need to see their medical records. Always perform two identification steps of asking the patient's name and date of birth to ensure the correct person is vaccinated.
   • Obtain a copy of the patient's medical history. This will prevent medical errors.
   • Ask patients if they have had a bad reaction to the flu shot. Fever, dizziness, or muscle aches can be common side effects of the flu shot and will go away gradually. Severe signs of allergy may include: difficulty breathing, hives, wheezing, exhaustion, dizziness, or a fast heartbeat. These are serious symptoms and need to be evaluated quickly.
   • Flublok flu vaccine can be a good choice for people who have had a past allergic reaction. The vaccine was not made from eggs, a factor that can cause an allergic reaction. It also doesn't use real flu viruses to make vaccines.

3. 

   
   
   Issue a certificate of immunization information to the patient. Everyone gets a flu shot right received this certificate. The certificate contains information about the vaccine the patient has received and its effect in ensuring safety and preventing pandemic flu.
   • Record the date of the statement to the patient. Record this information in the patient chart or other immunization record if available. Ask the patient if they have any questions before continuing to get vaccinated. It is important to include the vaccine expiration date and vaccine manufacture batch number in the medical record in case the information needs to be reviewed later.
   • The US Centers for Disease Control also provide a confirmation of immunization information on their website for informational purposes.

4. 

   
   
   Hand washing. Wash hands with soap and water before injection. This can help prevent the spread of the flu virus or any other bacteria you or your illness may have.
   • You do not need special soap to wash your hands; Any type of soap will work. However, it is recommended that antibacterial soap be used if possible. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water for at least 20 seconds.
   • If you prefer, you can use a dry hand sanitizer after washing your hands to kill any other bacteria that may remain.
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Part 2 of 3: Vaccination

1. 

   Disinfect the skin about to be injected. Most flu vaccines are injected into the arm muscle (delta muscle) in the right arm. Using a new alcohol pad, gently wipe the deltoid area of ​​the upper arm. This will make sure the bacteria don't get into the injection site.
   • Be sure to use a single dose alcohol pad.
   • If the patient's forearms are large or hairy, you may need to use 2 alcohol pads to ensure cleaning of the delta muscle.

2. 

   Choose clean disposable metal. Choose the right needle size for the patient. Make sure the needle is disposable and sealed before using the vaccine. This helps to prevent the spread of germs.
   • Use needles sized 2.5 to 3.8 cm long for an adult weighing 60 kg or more. This is a standard needle size of 22-25 gauge.
   • Use a needle of 1.58 cm length for children and adults weighing less than 60 kg. You need to stretch the skin when using the small needle size.

3. 

   Attach the needle to the new syringe. Once you've chosen the right patient needle, attach the needle to the tip of the syringe and then suck in the vaccine. Be sure to choose a new, single-dose syringe to minimize the patient's risk of bacterial infection or other diseases.

4. 

   Fill the syringe with the flu vaccine. Use the flu vaccine vial that is drawn into the syringe with the appropriate dose for the patient. The patient's age is the deciding factor for the appropriate vaccine dose.
   • A 0.25 ml dose of vaccine is used for children 6 months to 35 months of age.
   • Dosage of vaccine 0.5 ml is administered to all patients older than 35 months.
   • For adults 65 years of age and older, the 0.5 ml dose of vaccine can be used.
   • If you do not have a 0.5 ml syringe pump, you can use two syringes with a dose of 0.25 ml.

5. 

   Inject into the patient's delta muscle. Use fingers to hold the skin on the deltoid muscle of the patient. Ask the patient which handed the patient is and give the vaccine in the other arm to relieve the pain. If this is your first time doing this job, you need to be supervised by an experienced nurse.
   • Find the thickest part of the delta muscle, usually above the armpits and below the crown of the shoulder, i.e. below the head and shoulders. Decisively pierce the delta muscle with the needle with a smooth motion at a 90 degree angle.
   • For children under 3 years old, inject into the outer part of the anterior thigh muscle, because the child does not have enough muscle in the arm area.

6. 

   Inject until the syringe is empty. Make sure to inject all of the vaccine in the syringe. The patient needs to be given the full dose for maximum effect.
   • If the client is uncomfortable, soothe or distract them by talking.

7. 

   Pull out the needle. When the full dose of the vaccine has been injected, pull out the needle. Use a bandage to press the injection site to relieve pain, if needed.
   • Tell the client that a little pain is normal and nothing to worry about.
   • Be sure to pull out the needle while pressing the injection site at the same time.
   • You can cover the injection site with a bandage if it is bleeding. You will find that this also calms many patients.

8. 

   Record vaccine information in patient's medical or immunization records. Remember to include the date and place of the injection. The patient will need this record in the future, and you may also need it if you are still their primary health care provider. This information can help ensure that a patient has not overdosed on a vaccine.

9. 

   Inform parents of young children that they need a booster shot. Children 6 months to 8 years of age may need a second dose 4 weeks after the first shot. If a child has not had any vaccinations or has no vaccination records, or has not had at least 2 doses of the vaccine before 1 July 2015, he or she must have a second shot.

10. 

    Instruct patients to report side effects after vaccination. Remind the patient of any vaccine side effects such as fever or soreness. Although most of these symptoms go away on their own, you should instruct the patient to get back to you if symptoms become severe or persistent.
    • Make sure there is a regimen of emergency treatment available if the worst case occurs. In addition, you must obtain the patient's emergency contact information.
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Part 3 of 3: Preventing the flu

1. 

   Wash your hands often. One of the most effective ways to prevent the flu is to wash your hands well and often. Hand washing helps to reduce the spread of flu bacteria and viruses from surfaces touched by many people.
   • Use mild soap and warm water to wash your hands for at least 20 seconds.
   • Use a dry hand sanitizer if soap and water are not available.

2. 

   Cover your mouth and nose every time you cough or sneeze. If you have the flu and be polite, you should cover your nose and mouth when you cough or sneeze. If possible, cough or sneeze into a tissue or elbow to avoid infecting your hands.
   • Covering your nose and mouth will help reduce the risk of spreading the flu to those around you.
   • Be sure to wash your hands well after sneezing, coughing, or blowing your nose.

3. 

   Stay away from crowded places. Flu is very contagious, and most often spreads in places where people gather. Avoiding crowded places can help reduce your risk of infection.
   • Be sure to wash your hands after touching anything in high traffic, such as handrails on public transport.
   • If you have the flu, stay home for at least 24 hours to help reduce the chance of spreading the flu to others.

4. 

   Regularly disinfect surfaces and common spaces. Germs are very contagious in places like bathrooms and kitchen surfaces. Regular cleaning and disinfection of these places can help prevent the spread of the virus. advertisement

Advice

• If there are immunocompromised patients who need a flu vaccine, they must be given a vaccine made from the dead virus - not the nasal spray vaccine - and must be approved by a doctor. .
• Health care workers are at high risk of contracting and spreading the virus if they do not get a flu shot. Be an example and remember to get vaccinated each season.
• If you are taking care of an immunocompromised patient, make sure you get vaccinated to protect them. An immunocompromised patient may not be well enough to get a flu shot, so everyone around must be vaccinated to protect that patient.

Warning

• Do not vaccinate children under 6 months old. Instead, encourage parents and caregivers to get vaccinated.

What you need

• Certificate of immunization information
• Cotton alcohol
• Gloves
• Kim
• Syringe
• Flu vaccine (TIV-IM)
• Sink, soap and water and / or hand sanitizer are dry