Content

• Steps
• Advice
• Warning

Dyslexia is a birth defect whose main feature is to make it difficult for a person to read. About 20% of the US population has it and millions of others are undiagnosed, dyslexia is related to the way the brain works and is not the result of poor education, intelligence or vision. . People with these disabilities often have difficulty reading each word separately, as well as combining sounds to write or pronounce complete words. In other words, people with dyslexia must try to translate language into thinking (listening or reading) and converting thoughts into language (written or spoken), so they cannot read accurately, fluently or at the same speed to ordinary people. Even though it is a birth defect, you can treat and overcome dyslexia once diagnosed. The main symptom is difficulty reading or reading slowly, in fact there are a number of ways to identify dyslexia in preschool children, school children and adults.

Steps

Part 1 of 3: Identifying dyslexia in preschool children (ages 3-6)

1. 

   
   
   Find difficulty speaking and listening. People with dyslexia often have difficulty decoding and processing language, so symptoms will appear in some skills other than reading. A symptom or two is not necessarily a sign of dyslexia, but if your child has many of the following symptoms, you should see your pediatrician.
   • Speak slowly (although there are many causes of this). Seek advice from your doctor if you are concerned about your child's speech development level.
   • Difficulty pronouncing words, for example misreading characters - "big cock" instead of "ant".
   • It is difficult to divide words into separate sounds and vice versa, the ability to mix sounds to form words when speaking is limited.
   • Difficulty forming a rhyme between words.

2. 

   
   
   Find difficulties in learning. Because children with dyslexia often have difficulty with phonology (the ability to manipulate sounds) and the slow response rate between images and words, they also have difficulty learning the basics, including including:
   • Slow to build vocabulary warehouse. Children with dyslexia in kindergarten often speak only a few words.
   • Slow to remember sounds, characters, colors and numbers. Children are also slow when they want to name things that are very familiar to them.
   • Difficulty recognizing his own name.
   • Difficulty in rhythm or reading nursery poems.
   • Difficult to remember the content of movies, even favorite movies.
   • Note that writing errors are not necessarily a sign of dyslexia in preschoolers. Many preschoolers and first graders reverse letters and numbers as they are learning to write. However, this could be a sign of dyslexia in an older child, and if the letter and number inversion persists, you should have your child check for dyslexia.

3. 

   
   
   Find physical problems. Because dyslexia also causes problems with spatial organization and fine motor skills, young children may exhibit physical signs such as:
   • Delay in developing fine motor skills such as holding pens, books, using buttons and zippers, or brushing teeth.
   • Difficult to distinguish left and right.
   • Difficult to harmonize with the music melody.

4. 

   Talk to your pediatrician. If you suspect that your child has difficulty reading, it's best to consult your doctor. Early diagnosis is always an important factor in helping children cope with this birth defect.
   • Specialists typically use a group of tests to diagnose dyslexia in children, with the smallest detectable age of 5.
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Part 2 of 3: Identifying dyslexia in school-aged children (6-18 years old)

1. 

   Look for signs of difficulty reading. Dyslexia in children and teenagers is often first found when they fail to keep up with their classmates during reading or have worse reading skills than their peers. This is the main sign of dyslexia. Reading issues include:
   • Delayed learning the relationships between characters and their respective pronunciation.
   • Or confuse short words like "aunt" and "bowl" or "rice" and "tít".
   • Make continuous mistakes when reading, spelling and writing, even after they have been corrected. Common errors include missing words ("bitter" - "correct"), missing words ("ca" - "the"), reading more letters ("ca" - "can"), reading more word ("the" - "the ca"), misread the word ("orange" - "the com"), recite letters ("child" - "chon"), read upside down ("child" - "young").
   • Need to read a passage over and over to understand the content.
   • Difficult to understand concepts that age should have understood.
   • Not knowing what will happen next in a story or series of events.

2. 

   Look for problems in listening and speaking skills. The root cause of dyslexia is problems with phonemic processing, the ability to see and hear words, divide words into separate sounds, and then combine each sound with letters to form complete words correction. Although this is especially difficult for reading, it also affects your ability to hear and speak clearly and correctly. Symptoms include:
   • Difficulty understanding quick instructions or unable to recall sequence of commands.
   • Hard to remember what you heard.
   • Difficulty turning thoughts into words. Children often talk hesitantly and leave incomplete sentences.
   • Messy speaking: using the wrong word or similar word for what you want to say.
   • It is difficult to create or understand rhymes.

3. 

   Look for physical symptoms. Because dyslexia also causes problems with spatial organization, children with dyslexia also have difficulty with motor skills. Common signs that motor skills have problems are:
   • Difficulty writing or copying. Cramped.
   • Frequently confuse left and right, top and bottom.

4. 

   Look for emotional or behavioral cues. Children with dyslexia often make a great effort in school, especially when they find that they can read and write relatively easily. As a result, babies often feel less intelligent or seem to have failed. There are a few emotional and behavioral signs that indicate that your child is having dyslexia but has not been diagnosed and treated:
   • Shows low self-esteem.
   • Closed or depressed, not interested in socializing or with a group of friends.
   • Feeling anxious. Some experts view anxiety as the most common emotional symptom in children with dyslexia.
   • Show extreme frustration, manifesting out in the form of anger. Children may also practice disruptive behaviors such as "playfulness" to draw attention away from their limited ability to learn.
   • Have trouble concentrating and seem "easily emotional" or "dreamy".

5. 

   Watch for signs of evasion. Dyslexic children and adolescents often deliberately avoid situations where they are forced to read, write or speak in front of a crowd of peers, teachers and parents. Especially for older children as they often use this evasion strategy. A cluttered or even lazy lifestyle can be a way to avoid the dyslexia-related difficulties.
   • Children and teenagers can pretend to be sick to avoid reading or talking in public for fear of shame.
   • They also often hesitate to do reading and writing assignments as long as they can because they don't want to put in effort.

6. 

   Talk to your child's teacher and doctor. If you think your child has dyslexia based on these signs, you should work with people who are also investing in your child, such as their teachers and doctors. They will direct you to an appropriate psychologist so your baby can be officially diagnosed. Early diagnosis plays an important role in helping children cope with dyslexia.
   • For children with dyslexia, if their essential needs are not met, terrible consequences can happen later. Research shows that more than a third of students with dyslexia drop out of school when they reach high school, accounting for more than a quarter of high school dropouts.
   • No single test can diagnose dyslexia. The standard test group consists of 16 separate assessments that look at every aspect of the reading process to detect at what stage difficulty occurs, comparing reading level with potential reading based on intelligence, and testing how students most easily absorb and produce information (hearing, seeing, or movement).
   • The tests are usually designed to be taken at school, but if you live in the US you can find a list of dyslexia centers and specialists here.
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Part 3 of 3: Identifying adults with dyslexia

1. 

   Find reading and writing related issues. Adults who have had difficulty reading for a long time often struggle with similar problems with children. Common signs of reading and writing difficulty in adults include:
   • Read slowly and incorrectly many words.
   • Poor spelling. People with dyslexia often spell a word in different ways.
   • Use inappropriate vocabulary.
   • Difficulty organizing and planning, including organizing and synthesizing information.
   • Poor memory skills and problems with storing information after reading.

2. 

   Pay attention to coping strategies. Many people have to find and develop some coping strategies to compensate for dyslexia. The strategies include:
   • Avoid reading and writing.
   • Depends on other people when you want to spell it.
   • I'm reluctant to read and write jobs.
   • Depends on memory to avoid reading.

3. 

   Notice some skills above the normal level. Although the person with this disability has difficulty reading, it is not a sign of poor intelligence. In fact, they often have outstanding skills, good intuition and the ability to read other people's thoughts accurately. They tend to possess good spatial thinking skills and are able to work in areas that require knowledge of engineering and architecture.

4. 

   Diagnostic test. Once identified as dyslexia, adults can learn a number of strategies to make reading and writing more effective, so their self-esteem will also increase. Ask your doctor to refer a specialist (usually a psychologist) to take the appropriate tests. advertisement

Advice

• Many people with dyslexia have a very fulfilling life in many different fields. Thomas Edison, Albert Einstein, George Washington, Charles Schwab, Andrew Jackson and Alexander Graham Bell are at the top of the list of dyslexic politicians, businessmen, military leaders and scientists, they have risen to the top. and make a huge contribution to the world. In addition, Steven Spielberg, Orlando Bloom, Jay Leno, Tommy Hilfiger, Leonardo da Vinci and Ansel Adams are also these disabled actors, artists and designers.
• If you or a loved one has difficulty reading, do not worry because there is a cure and a wide future ahead.

Warning

• There are many misconceptions about dyslexia and people with this disability. For example, dyslexia has nothing to do with intelligence, and difficulty reading does not reflect a lack of intelligence or poor effort in learning. Research shows that both high and low IQ children struggle with phonemic coordination - the process of separating words into separate sounds and vice versa, meaning combining sounds to write or speak. a complete word. It is therefore important to understand dyslexia before trying to determine if you or a loved one is having dyslexia.
• Identifying dyslexia is not simple because symptoms and levels of disability are not the same for everyone.In addition to the appearance of other defects can complicate the problem, the boundaries between them become blurred and / or the cause and effects of these deficiencies are confusing.