Content

• Steps
• Advice

When a shock causes the brain to vibrate in the space between the brain and the skull, the result is concussion. Seizure is the most common type of head injury. A brain shock can result from a car crash, sports injury, falls, or a blow to the head or upper body. Although most concussions are only temporary and do not leave lasting damage, it can still cause serious problems if not treated promptly and effectively.

Steps

Part 1 of 3: Determine whether the victim has a concussion

1. 

   Evaluate the victim's condition. Examine the wound and closely observe the person who is injured. Check to see if victim has bleeding wounds on his head. Shocking the brain may not cause external bleeding, but underneath the scalp may appear "guava" or a hematoma (large bruise).
   • Visible skin damage is not always a sure sign of a concussion, as some minor scalp wounds can cause heavy bleeding, while others are caused by Stronger impacts that are harder to see can cause brain damage.
   • Physical symptoms to look out for include basilar skull fractures. Bruising behind a mastoid (bruise area swollen after several days of cracking due to blood leaking into the back of the ear), periorbital bruising, and nasal discharge (cerebrospinal fluid leakage).

2. 

   
   
   Check for physical symptoms. Mild and severe brain concussions can lead to a variety of physical symptoms. Watch for any of the following symptoms:
   • Fainting
   • Severe headache.
   • Sensitive to light.
   • Double look or image is blurred.
   • Seeing "fireflies", black spots or other unusual images
   • Loss of coordination and balance
   • Dizziness
   • Numbness, feeling like a needle or weakness in your legs or arms
   • Nausea and vomiting.
   • Lost memory
   • Confusion

3. 

   
   
   Check for symptoms of consciousness. Seizure is a brain disease and often causes brain dysfunction. These disorders include:
   • Unusual irritation or agitation
   • Lethargy or difficulty concentrating, logical thinking, and memorization
   • Mood swings, inappropriate emotional outbursts, or crying
   • Drowsiness or lethargy

4. 

   
   
   Evaluate the victim's consciousness. When examining for concussion, it is important to know if the victim is awake and what their cognitive abilities are. To check the victim's consciousness, try the AVPU method:
   • A - (Alert - alert). The victim has conscious are not? - Are they looking at you? Did they answer you? Do they respond to normal environmental triggers?
   • V - (Voice - voice). The victim reacts to voice are not? Do they react when you talk to them, even if they are mild and not completely alert? Victim may respond to verbal requests but remain awake. If they respond by asking "What?" When you talk, they are reacting to the voice, but not in a state of alertness.
   • P - (Pain - Pain) The victim reacts to pain or touch? Pinch the victim's skin to see if they are moving or open their eyes. Another way is to clamp or poke their nails. Be careful with this movement lest it cause more damage to the victim. You are just trying their body response.
   • U - (Unresponsive - no response). Is it the victim? no response with any way to try?

5. 

   Continue to monitor the victim. Most concussion symptoms will appear within a few minutes of the injury. Other symptoms appeared several hours later. Some symptoms may change after a few days. Follow the victim and call your doctor if symptoms get worse or change. advertisement

Part 2 of 3: Treatment of mild brain injury

1. 

   Apply ice. To reduce swelling in a mild wound, you can apply an ice pack to the affected area. Apply ice every 2 to 4 hours for 20-30 minutes.
   • Do not apply ice directly to the skin, but wrap the ice in a cloth or plastic bag. If ice is not available, you can use a bag of frozen vegetables.
   • Do not put pressure on the wound on your head as strong pressure can push fragments of bone into the brain.

2. 

   Take a pain reliever. To treat headaches at home, you can take acetaminophen (Tylenol). Do not take ibuprofen or aspirin as this can worsen bruising and bleeding.

3. 

   Attention to watch. If the victim is awake, keep asking questions. This has two purposes: the first is to assess the vulnerability of the victim, and the second to keep the victim awake.Continuously asking questions can alert you to changes in a victim's cognitive state if they are unable to answer questions that they were able to answer in the past. If the victim's cognitive state changes and worsens, seek help. The questions to ask are:
   • What day is today?
   • Where are you?
   • What have you just met?
   • What is your name?
   • How do you feel?
   • Can you repeat after me the following words ...?

4. 

   Stay with the victim. For the first 24 hours of your injury, stay with the victim. Don't leave them alone. Monitor their physical and cognitive function for any changes. If the victim wants to sleep, wake them every 15 minutes for the first 2 hours, then every half hour for the next 2 hours, then once every hour.
   • Every time you wake up the victim, do the AVPU consciousness test described above. You should keep an eye on the victim's physical and cognitive condition if symptoms develop later or worsen.
   • If the victim is unresponsive to awakening, take care of them like an unconscious patient.

5. 

   Avoid strenuous activity. In the days after your injury, avoid sports and be active. Avoid even stressful situations during this time. The brain needs rest and healing. Before taking part in any sports activity, you should consult your doctor.
   • Working too early increases the risk of brain concussion and long-term memory loss problems.

6. 

   Don't drive. Do not operate your vehicle or ride a bicycle until it has healed. You should have someone drive you to the clinic or hospital.

7. 

   Rested. Don't read books, watch TV, listen to music, play games or perform tasks that require your brain to work. You should rest your body and mind.

8. 

   Eat brain foods. Food can have a positive or negative effect on brain healing. Avoid alcoholic beverages after a concussion. You should also avoid fried foods, foods containing sugar, caffeine, artificial colors and flavors. Instead, eat the following foods:
   • Avocado
   • blueberry
   • Coconut oil
   • Nuts and seeds
   • Salmon
   • Butter, cheese and eggs
   • Honey
   • Any vegetables and fruits you like
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Part 3 of 3: Treatment of a severe brain concussion

1. 

   Contact your doctor. Any suspected head injury or brain concussion should be evaluated by a medical professional. A seemingly minor head injury can also be life-threatening. If the victim does not wake up, call an ambulance. Or you can take the victim to the nearest emergency room or clinic.
   • If the victim loses consciousness or if you are unsure of the extent of injury, call an ambulance. Transporting a person with a head injury to the hospital requires moving the victim, and this should not be done until the victim's head is stabilized. Movement can be fatal to the patient.
   • It is best for the victim to be examined in the emergency room if they are unconscious or have severe memory loss. Your doctor may order a computerized scan (CT scan) to evaluate swelling or bleeding and diagnose a concussion. Another name for concussion is mild traumatic brain injury.

2. 

   Go to the hospital. In the event of a severe brain concussion, you may need to take the victim to the emergency room. If the victim has any of the following symptoms, seek immediate medical attention:
   • Unconscious, even if only for a short time
   • There are episodes of dementia
   • Feeling dizzy or confused
   • Severe headache
   • Vomiting many times
   • Convulsions

3. 

   Hold still and avoid movement. If you think trauma to the neck or spine could be accompanied by brain concussion, avoid moving the victim while waiting for the emergency team to arrive. Moving the victim can cause more damage.
   • If you have to move the victim, you need to be very careful. Make sure the victim's head and back move as little as possible.

4. 

   Continue tracking. If your symptoms do not improve within 7-10 days, contact your doctor. Whenever symptoms change or worsen, you should contact your doctor immediately.

5. 

   Continued treatment. Little is known about the effects of traumatic brain injury on brain and cognitive function. However, some treatments prescribed by your doctor can improve long-term symptoms.
   • A number of imaging tests may be ordered by your doctor, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT scan), or electroencephalogram (EEG). The doctor may also conduct neurological tests, which assess vision, hearing, reflexes and coordination. Another test that may also be ordered is a cognitive test, which includes memory, concentration, and recall.
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Advice

• Do not play sports again on the day of the concussion. Athletes should not play again until there are no symptoms and no medications are required. Children and adolescents need extra precautions.
• Precautions include using helmets when playing sports such as rugby, baseball, ice hockey, mountain skiing, and snowboarding.