Content

• To step
• Method 1 of 4: Run the 3 C's
• Method 2 of 4: Caring for an unconscious person
• Method 3 of 4: Treating Common Problems in First Aid
• Method 4 of 4: Treat less common first aid cases
• Tips
• Warnings

First Aid (Emergency First Aid) refers to the initial process of assessing and addressing the needs of someone who has been injured or in a medical emergency, such as a heart attack, asphyxiation, allergic reactions or drugs. First aid gives you the opportunity to quickly determine a person's physical condition and the correct sequence of treatment. As soon as you have the opportunity, you should always seek professional medical attention right away, but following proper first aid procedures can mean the difference between life and death. Read our complete guide below, or search for a specific part by referring to the list of chapters above.

To step

Method 1 of 4: Run the 3 C's

1. Check (Check) the environment. Evaluate the situation. Are there things that put you at risk or in danger? Are you or your victim threatened by fire, toxic smoke or gases, an unstable building, power lines or some other dangerous scenario? Don't dive into a situation where you could end up as a victim yourself.
   • If it is life-threatening for you to approach the victim, get professional help right away; they have had more training and know how to handle these types of situations. First aid becomes worthless if you cannot perform it safely without getting hurt yourself.
2. Call (Call) for help. Call 1-1-2 immediately if you think someone is seriously injured. If you are the only one on site, try to get the person to breathe before calling for help. Do not leave the victim alone for long periods of time.
3. Care for the person. Caring for someone who has just experienced severe trauma involves both physical and emotional support. Remember to stay calm and try to reassure the victim; let him / her know help is on the way and everything will be fine.

Method 2 of 4: Caring for an unconscious person

1. See if he responds to anything. If a person is unconscious, try to revive them by tickling them gently under their bare feet and hands, or by talking to them. If the person is not responding to sound, touch, activity, or other stimulation, determine if they are still breathing.
2. Check his pulse and see if he is breathing. If a person is unconscious and cannot be awakened, see if they are still breathing: look whether the chest rises; listen to the sound of air going in and out; feel whether there is air movement using the side of your face. If you don't find any signs of breathing, check the pulse.
3. If the person doesn't keep responding, prepare for CPR. Unless you expect spinal injuries, roll him gently onto his back and clear the airway. If you expect spinal injuries, leave the person where they are. Suppose he is breathing. If the victim starts to throw up, roll him over on his side to avoid choking.
   • Keep the head and neck straight.
   • Gently roll him onto his side, holding his head.
   • Lift the chin to clear the airway.
4. Do 30 chest compressions and two rescue breaths as part of a CPR. Bring your two hands together on the center of the chest, just below an imaginary line between the nipples, and squeeze the sternum about 5 cm, at a rate of 100 presses per minute. After thirty chest compressions, you ventilate twice and then you check the life functions.If breathing is blocked, adjust the airway position. Make sure the head is slightly tilted back and the tongue is out of the way. Continue this cycle of 30 chest compressions and two rescue breaths until someone relieves you.
5. Follow the ABCs of CPR. The ABCs of CPR refers to the three things to look out for, and keep checking these three things regularly while performing CPR on the person.
   • Airway. Is the victim's airway clear?
   • Breathing (breathing). Is the person breathing?
   • Circulation. Can you feel the pulse on the person at the important measuring points (wrist, groin and carotid artery)?
6. Make sure the person is kept warm while you wait for medical attention. If you have one, put a towel or blanket over the victim; If you have nothing else, take something out of yourself (like your coat) to use to keep him warm until medical help arrives. However, if he's having a heat attack, don't keep him warm. In that case, you should try to cool him down by blowing him cool or moistening his skin.
7. Pay attention to a list of do's and don'ts. While you are applying first aid, you should be aware of the things you are doing in each case shouldn't do:
   • Never feed or water an unconscious person. It can choke and maybe even suffocate.
   • Do not leave the person alone. Stay with the person constantly unless it is really necessary to get help.
   • Never support an unconscious person with a pillow.
   • Do not punch or throw water on an unconscious person. These are things from movies.

Method 3 of 4: Treating Common Problems in First Aid

1. Protect yourself from germs that can be transmitted through the blood. Germs that are transmissible through the blood can threaten your health and well-being by causing diseases and illnesses. If you have a first aid kit, disinfect your hands and put on sterile gloves. If those aren't available, use extra gauze or cotton to protect your hands. Avoid making direct contact with the victim's blood. If you have been in contact, clean yourself as soon as possible. Eliminate all possible sources of contamination.
2. Be the first to stop the bleeding. If you've determined that the victim is breathing and has a pulse, then your next step should be to stop possible bleeding. It is one of the most important things you can do to save a trauma victim. Apply direct pressure to a wound before considering other ways to control bleeding. Follow the link above to an article that details the steps.
   • Treat a bullet wound. Bullet wounds are unpredictable and serious. Follow the link above for special considerations when treating someone with gun wounds.
3. Treat shock afterwards. Shock, which usually also stops blood circulation in the body, often follows physical and in some cases psychological trauma. Usually, a person in shock has cold, clammy skin, is often tense or in some other adjusted mood, and is pale around the face and lips. If left untreated, shock can be fatal. Anyone who has been seriously injured or in a life-threatening situation is at risk for shock.
4. Perform first aid on a broken bone. A broken bone, which is common, can be treated with the following steps:
   • Make the part immobile. Make sure the broken bone does not have to move or support other body parts.
   • Get pain relief. This can often be done with an ice pack wrapped in a towel.
   • Make a splint. You can go a long way with a rolled up newspaper and sturdy tape. And for a broken finger you can use another finger as a splint, for example.
   • If necessary, put on a sling. Tie a pillowcase or shirt around the broken arm and then along the shoulder.
5. Help someone who chokes. Choking can cause permanent brain damage or death within minutes. Follow the link above to an article on how to help someone who chokes. The article explains how you can help both children and adults when they are choking.
   • One of the best-known ways to help someone who is choking is the heimlich maneuver. The heimlich maneuver can be performed by hugging the victim from behind and holding him firmly above the navel but below the sternum, allowing your hands to interlock. Push up to expel air from the lungs. You can repeat this until the object has been removed from the trachea.
6. Learn how to treat burns. First and second degree burns can be treated by running or rinsing cool water (no ice) over them. Do not apply butter, creams, or other ointments and do not puncture the blisters. Third degree burns should be covered with a damp cloth. Remove clothing and jewelry from the burn, but if it is stuck to the burn, leave it on.
7. Be on the lookout for a concussion. If the victim has been hit to the head, look for signs of a concussion. The most common signs are:
   • Becoming unconscious after injury
   • Having memory loss or being disoriented
   • Dizziness
   • Nausea
   • Drowsiness
8. Treat a victim with spinal injuries. If you think there is an injury to the spine, it is especially important that you do not move the victim's head, neck and back. unless they are in immediate danger. In these cases, you must also take separate precautions when you are going to ventilate the victim or perform CPR. The link above directs you to an article where you can learn what to do.

Method 4 of 4: Treat less common first aid cases

1. Helping someone who is having a seizure. Attacks can be terrifying for people who have never experienced them before. Fortunately, it is relatively easy to help people with an attack.
   • To protect the person from harming themselves, you need to clear the environment.
   • Call 1-1-2 if the attack lasts longer than five minutes, or if the person stops breathing afterwards.
   • When the attack is over, you can leave him on the floor and put something soft or flat under his head. Place him on his side so he can breathe more easily, but try not to stop his movements and hold him not stuck.
   • When they regain consciousness, be gentle and calming. Do not offer him anything to eat or drink until he is completely clear again.
2. Helping someone survive a heart attack. It is good to know the symptoms of a heart attack, including fast heart rate, pressure or pain in the chest, and generally being unwell. Make sure the person goes to the hospital right away, giving them an aspirin or nitroglycerol to chew in the meantime.
3. Recognize when someone is having a stroke. Again, it is important to know the symptoms of a stroke. It can be recognized by, among other things, a temporary inability to speak, or to understand what is being said; confusion; loss of balance or dizziness; and sudden headache. If you think someone has had a stroke, get them to the emergency room right away.
4. Treat poisoning. You can be poisoned by natural toxins (for example a snake bite) or by chemical means. If the cause is an animal, try to kill it safely and take it to the hospital.

Tips

• If possible, always use latex gloves to protect yourself from other people's bodily fluids.
• If someone has been pierced by an object, leave that object in place unless it is blocking an airway. Removing the object can cause additional injuries and make the bleeding worse. Also try to avoid moving the person. If you like him must move, you may be able to shorten or secure the object.
• Although you have already received a lot of information in this article, the opportunity to learn from reading about it is limited. Therefore try take a first aid course or a CPR course if possible - It will give you the opportunity to learn exactly how to bandage fractures and dislocations, bandages common to very serious wounds, and even how to perform CPR as you go along. You will feel more confident after a workout to give these treatments when needed. In addition, the certificates will also offer you protection in case of lawsuits. The law will usually be on your side, but a certificate will give you more certainty.

Warnings

• Never move anyone with spinal damage. It increases the risk of paralysis or death.
• Never put yourself in danger! As insensitive as it may seem, remember it's no use being a hero if it makes you a dead hero.
• If someone is electrocuted, do not touch them. Turn off the power or use something that does not conduct electricity (such as wood, dry rope, or dry clothing) to pull it away from the power cord.
• Do not move a person unless they are in immediate danger. It could do even more damage. Wait for the ambulance to arrive and take over the treatment.
• If you don't know what to do, leave it to people who have learned before. If it's not a life-threatening injury, you can endanger the patient by doing the wrong thing. Look at the tips for information about courses.
• Giving aspirin to anyone under 16 is dangerous. Before that age, it can cause fatal damage to the brain and liver.
• Make sure you have permission to help someone before you only one gives help! Find out how the law works. Giving help without permission can in some cases lead to lawsuits. Respect it if someone does not want to be resuscitated, but make sure you see proof of it (a special bracelet). If the person is unconscious, in mortal danger, and has no visible evidence of a "no CPR" wish, proceed and act as if consent had been given. If it is not clear whether the victim is conscious, tap him / her on the shoulder and say "Sir / Madam, are you okay? I know how to help you" before applying first aid.
• Never try to put a bot or put it right yourself. If you are not 110% sure of what you are doing, there is a high risk that you will make it worse. Just remember this first aid is - intended to prepare a patient for transport.