Author:
Janice Evans
Date Of Creation:
26 July 2021
Update Date:
1 July 2024
Content
- Steps
- Method 1 of 4: The Rule of Three Rs
- Method 2 of 4: First Aid to an Unconscious Person
- Method 3 of 4: Providing First Aid for Common Cases
- Method 4 of 4: Providing first aid in rarer cases
- Tips
- Warnings
First aid means assessing the condition and first aid to a person who has been injured or suffered as a result of suffocation, heart attack, allergic reaction, drug use or other emergency. First aid involves a quick determination of the physical condition of a person and the correct action. In any case, you should call an ambulance as soon as possible, but providing first aid until the doctors arrive can sometimes be a matter of life and death. Read our entire article or use our advice for a specific case.
Steps
Method 1 of 4: The Rule of Three Rs
1 Look around. Assess the situation. Is there a threat to your own life? Are you in danger of fire, toxic gas, a falling building, live wires, or any other hazard? Do not rush to help if you yourself may become a victim as a result. - If approaching an injured person is dangerous to your life, contact emergency services immediately. Professionals have a higher level of training, and they know better how to act in such situations. First aid becomes meaningless if you cannot provide it without harming yourself.
2 Call for help. Call loudly for help three times. If people respond, tell them to call 112 and stay in touch, passing on information about the victim's condition through it. It is not recommended to leave the victim alone unless absolutely necessary, but if such a need nevertheless arises, first put him in a rescue position. 
3 Take care of the victim. Caring for someone who has just been seriously injured involves both physical assistance and emotional support. Remain calm and try to calm the victim. Let him know that the ambulance is on the way and that everything will be fine. If the stranger is conscious and able to speak, ask his name, what happened to him, and then you can ask questions about his life or interests to distract him.
Method 2 of 4: First Aid to an Unconscious Person
1 Determine if the person is responding. If the person is unconscious, try to revive them by talking to them or patting them on the shoulder. Don't be afraid to speak loudly, even shout. If the victim does not respond to actions, sounds, touch, or other stimuli, determine if they are breathing. 
2 Check breathing and pulse. If the person is unconscious and does not come to their senses, check if they are breathing: take a lookwhether his chest rises; listenwhether inhales and exhales are audible; move your cheek to the person's face to feel his breath. If you do not see any signs of breathing, grasp the victim's chin with two fingers and gently turn their face upward to clear the airway. If a person is vomiting or something else can get into the respiratory tract, then to release them, you should turn him on his side in a rescue position. Check your pulse. 
3 If the victim is still not responding, prepare to cardiopulmonary resuscitation. If there is no suspicion of spinal injury, gently roll the victim onto their back and clear the airway. If you suspect that the spine is injured, do not reposition the victim while breathing. - The victim's head and neck should be at the same level.
- Gently turn the victim onto their back while holding their head.
- Free your airways by lifting your chin.
4 Perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation - alternate 30 chest pressures with two breaths of artificial respiration. Place your hands on top of one another in the middle of the person's chest (just below the imaginary line between his nipples) and start pressing on it at a rate of 100 taps per minute (if you know the song Staying Alive, act in its rhythm) so that when you press the chest, the chest will lower by about 5 cm. After every 30 strokes, take 2 artificial breaths: open the victim's airway, pinch his nose and breathe mouth to mouth (your mouth should completely cover it). Then check your breathing and pulse. If the airway is blocked, reposition the victim. Make sure that the victim's head is tilted back slightly and that the tongue does not obstruct breathing. Continue to do 30 presses and 2 breaths until someone else can replace you. 
5 Remember the basic rules of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. These rules are about three key things you need to watch out for. Check these three points as often as possible while performing artificial respiration. - Airways. Are they free, is there no barrier?
- Breath. Is the victim breathing?
- Palpitations. Is the pulse felt at the points of the wrist, carotid artery, groin?
6 Keep the victim warm while waiting for an ambulance. Cover the victim with a towel or blanket, if available. If not, take off something from your clothing (raincoat or jacket) and use it as a blanket. However, if the person has heatstroke, do not cover or warm them. Instead, try to cool it down by fanning it and dampening it with water. 
7 Remember what NOT to do. When giving first aid, be mindful of what it does not follow do: - Do not try to feed or water the unconscious person. This can lead to the victim choking and suffocating.
- Do not leave the victim alone. Unless you need to urgently call for help, stay with the victim at all times.
- Do not place a pillow under the head of the unconscious person.
- Do not slap the unconscious person on the face or splash water on their face. This is only done in the movies.
- If a person has an electric shock, you can try to move the source away, but only with a non-conductive object.
Method 3 of 4: Providing First Aid for Common Cases
1 Protect yourself from bloodborne pathogens. Pathogens can threaten your health and cause you to feel unwell and sick. If you have a first aid kit, treat your hands with an antiseptic and put on sterile gloves. If gloves and antiseptic are not available, protect your hands with a cloth or gauze. Avoid direct contact with another person's blood. If contact cannot be avoided, wash off blood from yourself as soon as possible and remove contaminated clothing. Take all measures to prevent possible infection. 
2 Stop the bleeding first. After you have made sure that the victim is breathing and has a pulse, the next task is to stop the bleeding. Stopping the bleeding is one of the most important things to save the victim. Apply direct pressure to the wound before attempting any other method to control bleeding. Read the article at the link to know how to proceed. - Learn how to provide first aid for a gunshot wound. Gunshot wounds are serious and unpredictable. Read more on how to administer first aid in this case.
3 Then treat the shock. Shock often accompanies physical and sometimes psychological trauma and is expressed in circulatory disorders. A person in shock usually has cold, moist skin, pale face and lips, and is agitated or in an altered state of consciousness.Shock can be fatal if left untreated. Anyone who is seriously injured or has experienced a life-threatening situation is at risk of shock. 
4 Provide first aid for a fracture. In case of a fracture, the following actions should be taken: - Immobilize the fracture site. Make sure the broken bone is stationary and not support for other parts of the body.
- Use cold to relieve pain. This can be done with an ice pack wrapped in a towel.
- Apply a splint. Use handy materials such as folded newspapers and duct tape. For a broken toe, an adjacent toe may be used as a splint.
- Apply a support bandage if necessary. Wrap a shirt or pillowcase around your broken arm and then tie it around your shoulder.
5 Help the choked one. If a person chokes, blocking the airway in a few minutes can lead to death or serious brain damage. Check out the article at the link - it tells how to help both an adult and a child. - One of the ways to help a victim who is choking and choking is the Heimlich technique. To do this, you need to stand behind the victim, legs wide apart, clasp in the area between the navel and the sternum, clasp your hands and start pushing upward movements, trying to release air from the lungs. The steps must be repeated until the object leaves the trachea.
6 Provide first aid for burns. In the case of first and second degree burns, immerse or pour cool water over the burned area for 10 minutes (but do not apply ice). A wet cloth should be applied to a third-degree burn. Remove clothing and jewelry from the burn site, but do not try to tear off the fabric if it is stuck to the burn. 
7 Look for signs of concussion. If the person is hit on the head, check to see if they have signs of a concussion. Common symptoms include: - loss of consciousness;
- loss of orientation or blurred memory;
- dizziness;
- nausea;
- lethargy;
- loss of short-term memory (a person does not remember the last events).
8 Provide first aid for spinal injuries. If there is a suspicion of spinal injury, it is very important not to move the victim's head, neck or back, unless otherwise his life is in danger... You should also take extra care when performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Read the article at the link to learn how to proceed.
Method 4 of 4: Providing first aid in rarer cases
1 Provide first aid for a seizure. A seizure can be very frightening for those who have never experienced it before. Fortunately, it is easy enough to help with these attacks. - Clear space around the person so that they do not bump or hurt themselves.
- Call an ambulance if the seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes or if the person is not breathing after the seizure.
- When the seizure is over, help the person to lie on the floor with a soft or flat object under their head. Turn the person on their side to help them breathe, but do not keep them lying down or try to impede their movements.
- Be friendly and try to calm the person down when consciousness returns. Do not give him food or drink until he is fully conscious.
2 Provide first aid for a heart attack. The main signs of a heart attack (myocardial infarction) are heart palpitations, pressure or pain in the chest, throat, and even under the arm, as well as general pain, sweating, and nausea. Urgently call an ambulance or take the victim to the hospital, after giving him aspirin or nitroglycerin, which he must chew. 
3 Identify the signs of a stroke. It is important to be able to recognize the symptoms of a stroke.These include, but are not limited to, temporary inability to speak or understand what is being said, confusion, loss of balance or dizziness, inability to raise arms, severe headache without any preconditions. Call an ambulance immediately or take the stroke victim to the hospital. 
4 provide first aid for poisoning | Provide first aid for poisoning.]] Poisoning can result from both natural toxins (such as a snakebite) and chemicals. If an animal is the cause of the poisoning, try to carefully kill it, put it in a bag and bring it with you to check the poison.
Tips
- If possible, use medical gloves or any other material to protect yourself from direct contact with body fluids of the victim.
- This article gives a general idea of first aid, but you can only really learn how to provide it in practice. therefore try to find first aid courses... This will allow you to learn in practice how to apply splints and bandages for a fracture or dislocation, dressing wounds of varying severity, and even perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Such training will better prepare you to provide first aid in various situations, and may one day help save someone's health or life.
- If the victim ran into any object, do not remove it yourself, unless it is blocking the airway. Removing this item can cause additional damage and open bleeding. Try not to move the victim. If its all the same necessary move, try to shorten and fix the object motionlessly.
- Do not use latex gloves as some people are allergic to latex. Take nitrile gloves. If you don't have gloves, try using two plastic bags.
- Always be careful not to hurt the victim.
Warnings
- Moving an injured person can increase the risk of paralysis or death.
- Do not move the victim. This can do even more harm, unless you move it to save it from an immediate threat to life. In all other cases, wait for the arrival of an ambulance.
- Never try to repair a dislocated or broken bone. Remember that you are providing "first aid", that is, preparing the victim for transportation. Attempts to correct a dislocated or broken bone can lead to negative consequences (if you are not a professional physician and are not 110% sure of the correctness of your actions).
- Never put your life in danger! Do not think that we are teaching you to be selfish, but remember: you should not be heroic at the cost of your own life. In addition, in an extreme situation, doctors and rescuers count every second, and you cannot add work to them - and it will increase if you have to save you too.
- Do not touch a person who has an electric shock. Disconnect voltage or use a non-conductive object (e.g. wood, dry rope, dry clothing) to move the power source away from the victim before touching it.
- It is dangerous to give aspirin to children under the age of 16, as it can potentially damage the brain and liver.
- If you're not sure what to do, leave it to the professionals. If the victim's life is not in immediate danger, your mistake can only do harm. See advice above about first aid courses.
