Content

• Steps
• Tips
• Warnings

Although many academic papers still use quotations within the text and pages with cited sources, in some disciplines it is best to use endnotes to refer to sources. Learning how to add endnotes will point readers to the sources you have used and add credibility to your scientific work.

Steps

1. 1 Understand how endnotes are used. They provide readers with information about the sources you have used. This shows that you have suitable and reliable sources of information for scientific work. Endnotes are distinct from parenthetical quotes, footnotes, and cited pages.
   • Endnotes are placed at the end of your work, documenting the sources used. They contain specific information, for example, the page or paragraph number that contains information from the source you used.
   • The pages with the sources mentioned are also at the end of the work, but they only contain a list of the material you used. They do not include a page number or more specific information.
   • Endnotes are found at the bottom of each page, documenting the sources and page numbers used on each individual page.
   • Bracketed text or quotes within text are placed in the text immediately following information from your source. They also indicate the page or paragraph number.
2. 2 Please refer to the style guide. Each discipline provides a preferred way of citing sources. Ask your supervisor which style you should follow in your work.
   • In the arts and humanities, the guidelines of the Modern Language Association are most commonly used.
   • Psychology and the social sciences use a publication guide from the American Psychological Association.
   • Other disciplines tend to favor the Chicago style.
3. 3 Write a cited work page or bibliography as you write your work. This is optional, but this will keep all bibliographic information in one place. The page will serve as a guide for writing endnotes.
   • Include all information about the publication, including author, title, place of publication, city and year. Other sources may require additional information.
   • Note that the way you cite bibliographic information on a cited source page may differ from how you should cite in endnotes. Pay particular attention to punctuation requirements in accordance with the style guide.
4. 4 Use note numbers throughout your scientific work. Note numbers appear in the superscript immediately after you have used information from another source. Information can be either in the form of a direct quote or in the form of paraphrasing.
   • Use Arabic numerals, but not asterisks, Roman numerals, or other symbols.
   • Number the note consistently throughout your work.
   • Use an index. Thanks to the index, the figure is higher and conditionally separated from the rest of the text.
   • Don't use a paragraph or other character after the number.
   • Put a number after the period at the end of the sentence.
5. 5 Create a page with endnotes. It should be a new page after the text of your scientific work. Continue numbering throughout the work on this page. 1.
   • Write “Notes” at the top of the page and center the text box.
   • Place each endnote 0.5 inches (or 5 spaces) from the left edge of the page.
   • Use an appropriate citation form consistent with the style guide.
6. 6 Use correct formatting. Check your style guide for one or two spaces between your notes. Also check if the second line should be written from the paragraph, and if the posting information is required to be continued on the second line.
7. 7 Use the correct information. The information included in the endnote depends on whether you are linking to that source for the first time.
   • Include publication information when you link to this source for the first time. This will provide the reader with all the information they need to find the source and learn more.
   • Use only the author's last name and page number for subsequent citations. This can change if you have more than one source from the same scientist or sources that do not have an author.

Tips

• Check out the features of your word processing programs. Some of them have special features that make creating endnotes easy. Investigate if your program has such functions, and if so, learn how to use them.

Warnings

• Be careful with numbering. Make sure that each quote is numbered and that the numbers are consistent.