Content

• Steps
• anthrax
• Facts you need to know:
• Information about symptoms:
• If you have an attack of illness, react immediately.
• Sap (trypanosomiasis)
• Factors to know:
• Information about symptoms:
• If you have an attack of illness, react immediately.
• Ricin poisoning
• Factors to know:
• Information about symptoms:
• If poisoning occurs, react immediately
• CHEMICAL (GAS) ATTACK
• Chlorine gas
• Mustard gas (mustard gas)
• Tips

Biological and chemical weapons are the most destructive and uncontrollable weapons ever created by man. A biological weapon can be called any type of means of destruction created by human hands, aimed at the spread of viruses, bacteria, toxins obtained from living organisms, which can lead to serious illness or death of the human body. The latest statistics indicate that if a terrorist attack occurs in the future, the attack will be carried out by the proliferation of biochemical weapons. This is not hard to believe, given that pathogens can be created artificially at home using existing materials.Due to the nature of biological and chemical weapons, their most predictable use will be against a nation where they can inflict widespread defeat and lead to mass deaths of the population, as well as economic collapse. However, this does not mean that the biochemical attack leaves no chance of salvation. With the appropriate information and being prepared for a given attack, it can be overcome.

Steps

1. 1 Do not rely on the vaccine that is available. The flu vaccine, which is typically used to prevent and treat seasonal flu, will not be able to counter chemical or biological attacks. New strains of the virus require new vaccines and can take months or years to develop, and even more to produce and mass-market.
2. 2 Keep up to date with current events. As soon as a pandemic outbreak occurs, the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other government and community organizations provide information regarding the spread of the disease, as well as the latest news on vaccines and other drugs, recommendations and reminders, how protect yourself from infection. WHO and CDC, along with the government, have already developed websites that provide planned useful information to the public. Newspapers, television and radio broadcasts also help in alerting the public in the event of a critical threat.
3. 3 Get the flu vaccine every year. While the conventional vaccine will not protect you against all types of flu and new strains of the virus, it may help you stay safe by protecting you against certain strains of the flu virus, which in turn will help your body overcome the virus, even if you do. get infected.
4. 4 Get the pneumonia vaccine. In a previous chemical and biological pandemic, many died during the second pneumonia infection. While the vaccine may not protect you against all types of this disease, it can still increase your chances of surviving a pandemic. Vaccination is especially recommended for people aged 65 and over, as well as for patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes or asthma.
5. 5 Use antiviral drugs if recommended by health care professionals or the government. Two antiviral drugs, Tamiflu and Relenza, have been shown to be effective in the prevention and treatment of avian influenza. They are available only by prescription and are only effective if taken before or shortly after infection. It is worth noting that additional tests are needed to determine the effectiveness of these drugs against avian influenza. Moreover, over time, they may become ineffective against mutations in bird flu.
6. 6 Wash your hands often. Hand washing may be the single most powerful defense against bird flu and other infectious diseases. During a pandemic outbreak, hands should be washed several times a day. Make sure you follow the correct hand washing technique.
7. 7 Use alcohol-based disinfectants. Since it is not possible to wash your hands every time you touch anything that might transmit the virus, carry an alcohol-based hand cleanser with you at all times. These products come in a variety of forms and are convenient to use whenever you need to quickly disinfect your hands. Keep in mind, however, that the use of disinfectants does not replace the traditional thorough handwashing, but rather serves as a supplement.
8. 8 Avoid contact with infection. To date, the only documented way of contracting avian influenza is contact with contaminated poultry or poultry products; the risk of infection persists even if the virus mutates, so the person-to-person transmission route poses a greater threat.Avoid handling items that have been touched by an infected person, and try to limit the contact of pets (such as cats or dogs) with the source of the infection. If you work in close proximity to a dead or living but infectious source, take precautions such as wearing gloves, respirators, and protective aprons. Cook food thoroughly at 165 ° F (about 75 ° C) throughout the entire process, and adhere to appropriate food handling methods to protect yourself from other risk factors, such as salmonella. When food is cooked properly, most viruses are killed.
9. 9 Maintain social distance. The most effective way to prevent infection is to avoid exposure to infected people. Unfortunately, it is not possible to determine who is infected and who is not, by the time the symptoms appear, the person is already infectious. Social distance, deliberately limited contact with people (especially with a large crowd of people) is a necessary precaution in the event of a pandemic.
10. 10 Stay home. If you or any of your employees are sick, you should be at home, even if there is no pandemic. Before the first symptoms appear, the person is already infected and contagious, so during a pandemic it is better not to go to work, since the likelihood of exposure to infected people is quite high.
11. 11 Try to work remotely. A pandemic can last for months or even years, and outbreaks in a given area can last for weeks, so just taking a few days off will not protect you from infection in the workplace. If possible, try to arrange the work remotely. Today, there is a huge variety of work that can be organized remotely, and employees express a desire, and sometimes even a commitment, to try this type of work in the event of a pandemic outbreak.
12. 12 Leave the kids at home. Parents should be aware that their child can contract any type of infection at school. Avoid public transportation. On buses, planes, ships and trains, there is a large congestion of passengers who are in the immediate vicinity. Public transport is an ideal source for the spread of infectious diseases.
13. 13 Don't attend social events. During a pandemic, the government may cancel mass events, otherwise you shouldn't attend them. Any mass gathering of people in the immediate vicinity creates a high risk situation.
14. 14 Wear a respirator. Most viruses can be transmitted through the air, so in a pandemic, when you go outside, it would be a good idea to protect yourself from inhaling the infection. While surgical masks only prevent bacteria from spreading, respirators (which often look like surgical masks) prevent bacteria from entering the body if inhaled. You can purchase single-use respirators and reusable respirators with replaceable filters. Use only respirators labeled "NIOSH certified," "N95," "N99," or "N100" as they will prevent even the smallest particles from entering. Respirators provide protection only when properly worn; they should cover the nose, and there should be no gaps between the mask and the face.
15. 15 Wear medical gloves. They prevent bacteria from getting on the hands, which can then seep into the body or other parts of the body through cuts. Latex, nitrile or heavy duty rubber gloves can be used to protect the hands. If gloves are torn or worn out, remove them and wash hands thoroughly.
16. 16 Take care of your eye protection. Some diseases are spread by getting infected small particles (such as sneezing or coughing up) in the eyes or mouth. To prevent this from happening, wear safety glasses and do not touch your hands or infected objects to your eyes and mouth.
17. 17 Dispose of potentially contaminated items properly. Gloves, masks, napkins and other dangerous items must be carefully handled and disposed of in accordance with all the rules. Place these items in approved biohazard containers or seal them in clearly marked plastic bags.
18. 18 Be prepared for service delivery disruptions. When an epidemic breaks out, basic services that we take for granted, such as electricity, telephony, public transportation, may be temporarily suspended. Widespread absenteeism and mass death knells can cause shutdowns in all establishments, from shops to hospitals.
19. 19 Be sure to keep a small amount of cash in cash, as banks may not work and ATMs may be out of order during this period. Talk to your family about preparing for emergencies. Make a plan so the children know what to do and where to go if you are disabled or gone, or if family members are unable to communicate with each other.
20. 20 Stock up on essentials. In the developed world, food shortages and service delays may not last more than a week or two weeks in a row. However, you need to be prepared for this turn of events. Store at home a two-week supply of water for each household. Pour about 4.5 liters of water per person per day into a clean plastic container.
21. 21 Store a two-week supply of food at home. Opt for non-perishable foods that don't need to be cooked or don't require a lot of water to cook.
22. 22 Make sure you have an adequate supply of essential drugs.
23. 23 Seek medical attention at the first symptoms. If the disease progresses, the effectiveness of antiviral drugs decreases, so it is imperative to get immediate medical attention. If a person you have been in close contact with has become infected, seek medical attention without fail, even if symptoms do not appear.

anthrax

Facts you need to know:

• The causative agent of the disease (type): bacillus anthracis
• Infection methods: through the respiratory system, through the gastrointestinal tract, through the skin
• Incubation period
  • through the respiratory system: 1-60 days
  • through the gastrointestinal tract: 3-7 days
  • through the skin: 1-2 days
• Mortality
  • through the respiratory system: initially 90-100% untreated, 30-50% cured (this percentage rises as the period of antibiotic use increases)
  • through the gastrointestinal tract: 50% untreated, 10-15% cured
  • through the skin: 20% untreated
• Treatment and vaccination: antibiotics such as Ciprofloxacin or Doxycycline are available from Centers for Prevention and Control. The sooner treatment begins, the higher the chances of survival.

Information about symptoms:

• through the respiratory system: baseline flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, abdominal pain, chest pain, vomiting, cough, but no nasal congestion. Subsequently, this leads to serious respiratory problems, the patient dies of asphyxia, an accumulation of blood and fluid is found in the lungs.
• through the gastrointestinal tract: the disease begins with pain in the abdomen, diarrhea with blood impurities, nausea, vomiting, fever, sore throat, painful ulcers at the root of the tongue.
• through the skin: initially, severely itchy red spots appear on the body, which soon burst, and in their place are dead tissue in the form of a scab.

If you have an attack of illness, react immediately.

1. Cover your nose and mouth with a cloth, if possible with a damp cloth, to prevent any part of the deadly spores from entering.
2. Leave the area of ​​mass destruction immediately.
3. If possible, breathe shallowly, hold your breath until you leave the affected area.
4. Restrict movement from the infected to the safe area. Constant movement contributes to the spread of deadly spores. Once you've reached the safe area, remove the contaminated clothing and place it in an airtight plastic bag.
5. Take a cold shower (warm and hot water will open up your pores) as quickly as possible using a generous amount of soap. Flush your eyes with saline or plain lukewarm water.
6. Antibacterial therapy is now ahead. Early antibiotic treatment is critical to survival.

Sap (trypanosomiasis)

Factors to know:

• The causative agent of the disease (type): bacteria Burkholderia

mallei

• Infection methods: through the respiratory system, through the skin / mucous membranes
• Incubation period
  • through the respiratory system: 10-15 days
  • through the skin / mucous membranes: 1-5 days
• Mortality: Almost 100% per month, if not treated. Prompt medical attention reduces the risk of illness, but there is relatively little medical evidence on this matter.
• Treatment and vaccination: There is no specific vaccine. Combined antibiotics Amoxicillin and Potassium Clavulanate, Bactrim, Ceftazidime, Tetracycline should be taken for about 50-150 days in order to finally remove toxins from the body.

Information about symptoms:

• through the respiratory system: illness begins with fever, chills, sweating, headache, body aches, chest pain, and blood stasis. Later, the cervical lymph nodes (glands) become inflamed and pneumonia develops. Non-healing ulcers appear on the internal organs and mucous membranes. Dark rashes may also form.
• through the skin / mucous membranes: the formation of painful ulcers at the sites of infection and swelling of the lymph nodes. Nasal discharge and mucous sputum are increasingly observed.

If you have an attack of illness, react immediately.

• Cover your nose and mouth with a cloth, preferably a damp cloth, to prevent some of the deadly spores from entering.
• Leave the area of ​​mass destruction immediately.
• Try to breathe shallowly, hold your breath until you leave the affected area.
• Wash your body with soap and water.
• Rinse your eyes with warm running water for 10-15 minutes.
• Wait for the provision of medical care by a group of professionals. If you develop a fever, seek help immediately.

Ricin poisoning

Factors to know:

• The causative agent of the disease (type): castor bean (plant toxin)
• Infection methods: through the respiratory system, through the gastrointestinal tract, by injection
• Incubation period
  • through the respiratory system, through the gastrointestinal tract, by injection: 2-8 hours
• Mortality: when a high dose is ingested, the data is inconsolable - 97%. Nearly all victims die within 24-72 hours after the onset of their primary symptoms.
• Treatment and vaccination: There is no specific vaccine other than activated charcoal. To date, a vaccine is under development.

Information about symptoms:

• through the respiratory system: sudden hot flashes, cough, chest pain, and nausea. Then there is joint pain and shortness of breath. Respiratory problems progress over time.
• through the gastrointestinal tract, by injection: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, bloody diarrhea.

If poisoning occurs, react immediately

• Cover your nose and mouth with a cloth, preferably damp, to prevent some of the deadly spores from entering.
• Leave the area of ​​mass destruction immediately.
• Try to breathe shallowly, hold your breath until you leave the affected area.
• Wash your body, clothing, and contaminated surfaces with soap and water or a mild disinfectant solution if you have been directly exposed to the poison.
• Await guidance from the dedicated health care team.

CHEMICAL (GAS) ATTACK

The gas attack has existed since the 5th century BC, when it was used as a chemical weapon in military operations. [1] Nowadays, the release of poisonous toxic substances is the result of terrorist acts or accidents at industrial enterprises. [2] [3] Even if you think that this will never happen to you, you need to know how to recognize and respond to a chemical attack, thereby saving your life.

Chlorine gas

1. Beware of any kind of yellowish green gas with a strong bleach smell. Some WWI soldiers described the smell of this gas as pungent yet sweet (like the smell of pepper and pineapple). If you have been exposed to chlorine gas, you will experience breathing and vision problems and heartburn.
2. To minimize exposure to gas, move quickly to an area with clean air.
   
   
   • If a gas attack occurs indoors, leave the building as soon as possible.
   • If the gas attack occurred on the street, climb a hill. Since chlorine gas is heavier than air, it settles in low places.
3. Take a cotton swab or any cloth and soak it in urine. Apply it to your nose as a mask. The Canadian military during World War I was able to survive the first large-scale chlorine gas attack by using urine instead of water, given that urine crystallizes gas.
4. Remove all clothing that may have been exposed to the gas so that it does not touch your face and head. Cut your clothing so that it doesn't come into contact with your skin when you take it off. Place it in an airtight plastic bag.
5. Wash your body thoroughly using plenty of soap and water. If you feel cloudy and burning in your eyes, rinse them with water; if you wear contact lenses, discard them. Water mixed with chlorine gas produces hydrochloric acid, so be careful.
6. Call the emergency services and wait for assistance.

Mustard gas (mustard gas)

1. Watch out for colorless gas that smells like mustard, garlic or onion, but be careful as this gas does not always smell. If you have been exposed to mustard gas, you may experience the following symptoms (but they may not appear until 2 to 24 hours after exposure):
   
   
   • redness and itching of the skin, and subsequently the appearance of blisters
   • eye irritation; possible photosensitivity, acute pain and temporary blindness if exposure to gas is severe
   • airway damage (runny nose, sneezing, hoarseness, nosebleeds, sinus pain, shortness of breath, cough)
2. Try to climb a hill, since mustard gas is heavier than air and settles down below.
3. Remove all clothing that may have been exposed to mustard gas so that it does not touch your face and head. Cut your clothing so that it doesn't come into contact with your skin when you take it off. Place it in an airtight plastic bag.
4. Rinse the affected body parts with copious amounts of water. The eyes must be rinsed for 10-15 minutes. Do not put a bandage on them, rather use safety glasses.
5. Call the emergency services and wait for assistance.

Tips

Buy and use a radio and flashlight on rechargeable batteries. In an emergency, especially of this magnitude, batteries will not be available. So stock up on them in advance... These devices will keep you informed about what is happening, and you will also have reliable lighting. The most modern models of these devices also allow you to charge your Cell phones.

• Listen to emergency responders even if their instructions conflict with this article. This information is not 100% accurate; for sure, rescue workers are better at knowledge.