Content

• Steps
• Tips
• Warnings

Surprise your friends with aviation knowledge. Landing the plane is the most important part of the flight. Safety comes first! These instructions assume that you are approaching an airfield with a left-hand approach, moderate wind, clear visibility.

Steps

1. 1 Receive an ATIS report 10 miles (16.09 km) before entering the terminal area, contact the tower (control tower) or approach control tower and report the following:
   • call signs of the tower / DPP, tail number of the aircraft, your location, altitudeI land with information previously obtained ATIS code... The tower will give you instructions. This instruction assumes that you have received instructions to approach from the left (or right) to Lane X and report as you approach Point 45. (These are approximate instructions, some specific information sometimes requested by the OTC is not included).
     
     
2. 2 Perform a pre-landing check against this list: brake check, landing gear extended and locked, fuel mixture fully enriched, fuel tank switch BOTH, flaps optional, (propeller pitch constant), oil temperature and pressure on green, MASTER switch on, ignition switch (magneto ) in the BOTH position, (carburetor heating is on if the rpm is less than 1500RPM), seat belts are on, landing lights are on. The plane is ready to land.
3. 3 Turn on the carburetor heater and descend to reach the altitude shown in the approach pattern for that airport by the time you reach point 45 (turn 3). You may be slightly higher at this point. Suppose the altitude in this diagram is 1200 feet above sea level. Try to descend at 500 fpm vario. This will help your eardrums feel better.
4. 4 When approaching point 45, contact the tower and report the height and how far away you are. The tower will allow you to land or just take note of you.
5. 5 Remember that when you come within a quarter of a mile from the lane, you must turn downwind (the segment between turn 3 and turn 2). At this point, you should be cleared to board. You should be flying at 80-85 knots at about 2000 RPM.
6. 6 Be aware that when you abeam the runway, you must turn on the carburetor heater and drop to 1500 RPM. Hold the bow level until the arrow on the airspeed indicator drops into the white area, then extend the flaps 10 degrees. By adjusting the pitch of the propeller, reduce the speed to 75 knots for visual signs, then check the instruments. Steer using the rudder pedals as well. However, be careful not to press too hard on the pedals: slip + stall = corkscrew!
7. 7 When the runway edge is 45 degrees behind you (point 45), turn left at base (the segment between turn 3 and 4) and extend the flaps another 10 degrees. Your speed should be around 70 knots. Do not change the position of the flaps during a turn; do this only after exiting the turn. You are now flying perpendicular to the runway. Be especially careful at airports with parallel lanes to avoid entering the parallel lane approach route in this U-turn, or you may collide with other aircraft.
8. 8 Wrap onto the pre-boarding straight. After completing the turn, extend the flaps an additional 10 degrees. The point at which you plan to sit should appear stationary. By adjusting the propeller pitch, maintain a speed of 60-70 KIAS (instrument knots). Control the height by adjusting the traction. Maintain the indicated airspeed above 60 knots, but do not focus on the gauge alone. Use the ailerons to compensate for the effect of the crosswind, and use the rudder pedals to keep the aircraft on the center line of the runway.
9. 9 When you are a few feet above the ground, smoothly release power and level the plane. To keep the plane level, you have to pull the control wheel more and more and, in the presence of a crosswind, compensate for it with the ailerons. Only apply the brakes when necessary (if you are approaching the edge of the lane or to avoid hindering the movement of other aircraft). Continue until you reach taxi speed (speed of a fast walking person) and take the nearest taxiway. Don't stop until you reach the stop line.
10. 10 Do a post-landing check and call the tower if they haven't called you yet.

Tips

• When you are over the runway and keep the nose of the aircraft slightly raised while slowing the aircraft, look towards the end of the runway and keep the lower front window frame parallel to the horizon / edge of the runway. If you cannot see the strip in front, use your peripheral vision to control the position of the aircraft relative to the ground.
• Enjoy.
• If you don't even have a pilot's training license, you can only fly with an instructor. And if you have one, you will still need an instructor's mark that you can fly alone.
• If you do not get on the lane, do not be afraid to go around. Engage full throttle and hold the nose of the aircraft so it does not go too high. Ascend and gradually retract the flaps. The difference between a good pilot and a fool is that the first one knows when to go around and the second one takes risks in vain.
• Approach speed depends on various conditions such as wind speed / direction. Check with your instructor for approach speed if you are unsure. You can also determine the speed of the approach by doing stalls. The approach speed is usually 1.3 times the stall speed. It can be defined as follows: multiply the stall speed by 3, move the comma one decimal place to the left and add to this the wind speed correction and add the stall speed. For example, at a stall speed of 50 km / h, the approach speed will be 65 km / h. Make sure the aircraft is ready to land before attempting this approach. It is especially useful when you do not know the nominal approach speed for that aircraft. For example, for older aircraft that have been modified (a 1973 Cessna 172 is unlikely to fly as it did 40 years ago), or if you are flying on an unfamiliar plane, or if you have any problems (stuck flaps, etc.).

Warnings

• If you don't know how to fly an airplane, it can be dangerous.
• It is prohibited and dangerous to fly an airplane without a pilot's license.
• This is a general guideline. Ask your instructor for specific details applicable to the local airport.
• Do not fly under the influence of alcohol or drugs.