Content

• Steps
• Advice
• Warning

Basic first aid is the process of assessing and initially handling the problem of an injured person, a person having physical difficulties caused by suffocation, heart attack, drug allergy or other emergency medical conditions. Basic first aid helps to quickly identify the body condition as well as the appropriate treatment for the victim. While seeking help from a medical professional as soon as possible is always necessary in all cases, performing the first aid procedure correctly can lead to a meaningful difference. Follow our full guidelines, or find specific instructions for the things listed above.

Steps

Method 1 of 4: Implement Principle 3C

1. 

   Look at and inspect the surrounding scene. Assess situation. Is there any danger to you? Are you or the victim threatened by fire, toxic gas or smoke, the risk of collapse, power lines or other dangerous situations? Don't be in a hurry when you yourself might fall into the victim's situation.
   • If approaching the victim could put you at risk, seek professional help immediately. They are highly trained and know how to handle these situations. First aid becomes useless if you cannot do it safely and not hurt yourself.

2. 

   
   
   Call. Call authorities or call ambulance right away if you think someone is seriously injured. If you are the only person present at the scene, try to help the victim breathe before calling for help. Do not leave the victim alone for a long period of time.

3. 

   Take care of the victim. A person who has recently suffered a serious trauma needs both physical and mental care. Stay calm and feel safe. Let the victim know support is coming and everything will be fine. advertisement

Method 2 of 4: Taking care of an unconscious person

1. 

   
   
   Reaction determination. If a person is unconscious, try waking them up by gently rubbing their bare hands or feet or talking to them. If the victim is not responding to movement, sound, touch, or other stimuli, you need to determine if they are still breathing.

2. 

   Check for breathing and pulse. If casualty is unconscious and unable to wake up, check for breathing: Find swelling in the chest area, listen the air in and out, feel Breathe using one side of your face. If there is no obvious sign, check the pulse.

3. 

   
   
   If the person is still unresponsive, get CPR (Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation) first aid. Unless a spinal injury is suspected, carefully roll the victim back to their back and open their airways. In the event that casualty is still breathing and is suspected of spinal cord injury leave casualty in position. If vomiting begins, tilt victim aside to avoid choking.
   • Keep head and neck straight.
   • Keeping the head, carefully roll the victim back to the supine position.
   • Open the airway by lifting the chin.

4. 

   Do a 30 chest compressions and two CPR breaths. In the center, just below the imaginary line running between the nipples, interlacing hands and pressing the chest down about 5 cm at a rate of 100 times a minute. After 30 compressions, perform the two breath breaths and check the victim's condition. If suffocating, reposition the airway. Make sure your head is tilted slightly back and your tongue doesn't cause breathing difficulties. Continue this cycle of 30 chest compressions and two breaths until someone else takes your place.

5. 

   Remember the first aid sequence ABC (Airway - airway, Breathing - respiratory, Circulation - circulation) of CPR. These are the three important factors to keep in mind, and check them out regularly when giving first aid.
   • Airway. Was the victim choking?
   • Respiratory. Is the victim still breathing?
   • Cyclic. Do the main vessels (wrist, carotid, and groin) beat?

6. 

   Keep victim warm while waiting for medical assistance. Put a towel or blanket over the person. If not, you can also use your own items (such as a jacket) to keep the person warm until medical assistance is available. However, if the patient suffers from heatstroke, do not cover or keep warm. Instead, try to cool it by fanning it and increasing the humidity.

7. 

   Note what to avoid. When giving first aid, memorize things should not do in any of the following cases:
   • Give the unconscious person food or drink. This can cause choking and suffocation.
   • Leave the victim alone. Unless you absolutely have to move to report or call for help, stay with the victim the entire time.
   • Provide pillows for the unconscious person.
   • Slap or awaken an unconscious person with water. They only work in movies.
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Method 3 of 4: Handling Common Problems in First Aid

1. 

   Protect yourself from blood-borne pathogens. Blood-borne pathogens can cause illness and illness, threatening your own health and well-being. If you have a first aid kit, sanitize your hands and wear sterile gloves. If not available, protect hands with gauze or cotton. Avoid direct contact with the blood of others. If this cannot be avoided, wash hands as soon as possible. At the same time, to handle any remaining infectious sources.

2. 

   First, stop the bleeding. After determining that the victim is still breathing and has a pulse, the next priority is to control bleeding, if any. This is one of the most important things you can do to save a traumatized victim. Apply pressure directly to the wound before trying any other method of stopping bleeding.For more details, please refer to our affiliate articles.
   • Handling bullet wounds. Bullet injuries are serious and unpredictable. Find out more special precautions when dealing with someone who has a bullet.

3. 

   Next, handle the shock. Shock, which often leads to a decrease in the volume of blood circulation in the body, is common after physical trauma and sometimes even psychological trauma. People in shock often have cold, sweaty skin, pale face and lips, and nervous or unstable nervous state. If left untreated, shock can be fatal. Anyone experiencing a serious injury or life-threatening situation is at risk of shock.

4. 

   First aid for fractures. Usually, broken bones can be treated with the following steps:
   • Immobilize the area. Make sure the broken bone doesn't have to move or support any part of the body.
   • Pain relief. Usually, you can do this by using an ice pack and applying it to the wound.
   • Make a splint. This can be done with just a stack of newspapers and strong tape. A broken finger can also be used as a splint with another finger.
   • Make a strap if necessary. Tie a shirt or pillowcase around the broken arm and drap it over the shoulder.

5. 

   Assisting suffocation victim. Choking can cause death or permanent brain damage within minutes. Refer to the instructions below to help with suffocation victims, both adults and children.
   • One of the ways to help a person who is choking is the Heimlich maneuver (abdominal push) method. The Heimlich maneuver method is performed by holding the victim tightly from behind, holding hands tightly and positioned above the navel, below the breastbone. Press your hand upwards to push the air out of your lungs and repeat until the trachea is successfully cleared.

6. 

   Learn how to treat burns. Treat first- and second-degree burns by soaking or flushing with cold (no ice) water. Don't use other creams, butter, or ointments, and don't break blisters. Third degree burns should be covered with a damp cloth. Take off clothing and jewelry in the burned area, but do not try to move any part of the clothing that is burned and gets caught in the wound.

7. 

   Be careful with brain injury. If the victim has a head injury, watch for signs of brain injury. Common symptoms include:
   • Lethargy after the injury
   • Disorientation or memory loss
   • Dizziness
   • Nausea
   • Lullen sleep.

8. 

   Handling Spinal Injury Victims. When spinal injury is suspected, do not move victim's head, neck or back unless they are in immediate danger is of particular importance. You should also exercise extreme caution when performing first aid or CPR. Read this article to learn what to do. advertisement

Method 4 of 4: Handling Less Common Situations in First Aid

1. 

   Help someone with seizures. Seizures can be a terrifying experience for anyone who has never seen it before. Fortunately, assisting someone with seizures is relatively simple.
   • Clear up the surrounding space to prevent the victim from injuring himself.
   • Call emergency help if the seizure lasts more than 5 minutes or the victim stops breathing after that.
   • When the seizure has ended, support the person to lie on the floor and support their head with a soft or flat object. Tilt the victim to breathe easier but don't pin them down or try to stop them from moving.
   • Be friendly and reassuring when the victim regains consciousness and do not allow the victim to eat or drink until fully awake.

2. 

   Support someone who is experiencing a heart attack. Recognizing symptoms of a heart attack, including heart palpitations, chest pain or tightness, general discomfort or nausea, is helpful. Immediately after giving a patient an aspirin or niltroglycerin tablet, you need to get them to the hospital immediately.

3. 

   Identify your stroke situation. Again, it's important to recognize the symptoms of a stroke. These include temporary loss of ability to speak or understand language, confusion, loss of balance or dizziness, severe, unannounced headache, etc. Take the person you suspect has had a stroke to the emergency room immediately.

4. 

   Treatment of poisoning. It could be the result of a natural poison (like a snake bite) or a chemical. If the animal could be the cause of poisoning, try to kill (safely), put it in a bag and take it to a poison control center. advertisement

Advice

• If possible, use rubber gloves or other protective gear to protect you from other people's body fluids.
• In the framework of this article, you can only learn a lot by reading the steps. Therefore, join first aid and / or CPR training if possible - it will give you, the reader, the ability to learn through the practice of immobilization and dislocation, moderate to severe wound dressing and even CPR practice. Thereby, you will be better prepared to support those in need. Also, a certificate will protect you in the event of a lawsuit - the Good Samaritan law protects you in these cases, the certificate simply reinforces that protection.
• If victim is stabbed, do not move the stabbing object unless it blocks the airways. This is very easy to aggravate injury and bleeding. If tie must do, you should shrink and hold the stab firmly.

Warning

• Moving someone with a spinal cord injury can increase the risk of death or paralysis.
• Never put yourself in danger! This may seem like a lack of humanity, but remember that being a hero, in this case, doesn't make any sense if you die yourself.
• If you are not sure what to do, wait for the treatment of professionals. If it is not a life or death situation, mishandling could endanger the victim. Please review the training note, in the advice section.
• Do not move victim. Unless there is an immediate danger moving could aggravate the situation. Wait for the ambulance to arrive and deliver the victim.
• Giving aspirin to anyone under the age of 16 is dangerous because for this person, aspirin can cause brain and kidney damage, which can be life-threatening.
• Do not touch someone who is being electrocuted. Turn off the power source or use a non-conductive object (such as wood, dry branches, dry clothing) to separate the power supply before touching the victim.
• Never try manipulating a broken or dislocated bone. Remember, this is preliminary rescue - in giving first aid, you are preparing for the movement of the victim. Unless you are 110% sure what you are doing, manipulating a broken bone or rearranging a broken bone usually makes the situation worse.
• Need consent before touching the victim or proceeding any any support! Check with your local laws. First aid without consent can lead to a lawsuit. If someone asks "Don't save", respect it (need proof). If someone loses consciousness and is in danger of death or injury, and does not see any "No Rescue" request, get treatment based on tacit consensus. If you are not sure if the victim is conscious, tap their shoulder and ask "Are you okay? I know how to help" before giving first aid.